Git Commands

Git is an open-source version control system that works locally to help developers work together on software projects that matter.

Starting up Git within a project and getting it connected.

Initializes (or starts) your current working directory (folder) as a Git repository (repo).
```
 git init
```

Copies an existing Git repo hosted remotely.

 git clone https://www.github.com/username/repo-name

Shows your current Git directory’s remote repo. Use the -v flag for more info.
```
 git remote or git remote -v
```

Adds the Git upstream to a URL

 git remote add upstream https://www.github.com/username/repo-name

Means: Isolating work and managing feature development in one place.

Lists all current branches. An asterisk (*) will appear next to your currently active branch.
```
 git branch
```
Creates a new branch. You will remain on your currently active branch until you switch to the new one.
```
 git branch new-branch
```
Switch to any existing branch and checks it out into your current working directory.
```
 git checkout another-branch
```
Consolidates the creation and checkout of a new branch.
```
 git checkout -b new-branch
```
Deletes a branch.
```
 git branch -d branch-name
```

Means: Creating files staged after modifying a file and marking it ready to go in the next commit.

Checks the status of your Git repo, including files added that are not staged.
```
 git status
```
Stages modified files. If you make changes that you want to be included in the next commit, you can run add again. Use git add . for all files to be staged, or specify specific files by name.
```
 git add .
```
or
```
 add my_script.js
```
Removes a file from staging while retaining changes within your working directory
```
 git reset my_script.js
```

Means: Recording changes made to the repo.

Commits staged files with a meaningful commit message so that you and others can track commits.
```
 git commit -am "Commit message
```
Condenses all tracked files by committing them in one step.
```
 git commit -m "Commit message
```

Modifies your commit message.

 git commit --amend -m New commit message

Means: Downloading changes from another repository or sharing changes with the larger codebase.

Pushes or sends your local branch commits to the remote repo.  Note: some repos use master instead of main in their commands.
```
 git push origin main
```
Fetches and merges any commits from the tracking remote branch.
```
 git pull
```
Merges the fetched commits.
```
 git merge upstream/main
```

Means: See changes between commits, branches, and more.

Compares modified files that are in the staging area.
```
 git diff --staged
```
Displays the difference between what is in a-branch but is not in b-branch.
```
 git diff a-branch..b-branch
```
Uses commit id to show the diff between two specific commits.
```
 git diff 61ce3e6..e221d9c
```

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